Английские слова на тему «IT и разработка»

Техническая лексика для разработки ПО

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Базовые понятия · 28

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
code	A2	код	instructions written for a computer program
program	A2	программа	a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do
software	B1	программное обеспечение	programs that make a computer work
hardware	B1	аппаратное обеспечение	the physical parts of a computer, or metal tools
computer	A1	компьютер	a machine that stores and works with information
data	B1	данные	facts and information, often in numbers
file	A2	файл	a document kept on a computer
folder	A2	папка	cover used to keep papers together
application	B1	приложение	a computer program made to do a certain task
app	A1	приложение	a small thing on your phone or computer you can use
website	A2	сайт, веб-сайт	set of pages on the internet
browser	B1	браузер	program for looking at the internet
server	B1	сервер	a person who brings food or a computer that stores data
client	B1	клиент	a computer that asks another computer for information
database	B2	база данных	a large organised collection of information on a computer
network	B1	сеть	a group of things or people connected together
internet	A2	интернет	system that lets computers share information
download	A2	скачивать	to get a file from the internet to your device
upload	B1	загружать	to send a file from your computer to the internet
install	A2	устанавливать	to put something new in place and make it work
update	B1	обновлять, обновление	to change something to make it more modern and complete
version	B1	версия	one form of something that may be different
feature	B1	возможность, функциональность	important or interesting part of something
user	B1	пользователь	a person who uses something
password	B1	пароль	secret word that lets you use something
login	A2	вход, логин	act of entering a computer system
logout	A2	выход	the act of leaving a computer program or system
account	B1	аккаунт, учётная запись	a personal profile used to log into a website

Термины программирования · 31

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
variable	B1	переменная	a name that stores a value that can change
function	B1	функция	a named piece of code that performs a task
method	B1	метод	way of doing something
class	A1	класс	a plan for making many things of the same kind in a computer
object	B1	объект	a thing in a program that has data and actions
array	B1	массив	an ordered list of values stored under one name
string	A2	строка	a piece of text made of characters used in a program
integer	B2	целое число	whole number that is not a fraction
boolean	B1	булево значение	type that can only be true or false
loop	B1	цикл	a set of instructions that repeats many times in a program
condition	B1	условие	a test that decides whether part of a program runs
statement	B1	инструкция, оператор	a single instruction in a program that performs an action
expression	A2	выражение	a group of values and symbols in code that give a result
parameter	C1	параметр	rule or limit that controls how something is done
argument	A2	аргумент	a value passed into a part of a program to be used
return	A2	возвращать, возврат	to send a value back from a piece of code
value	B1	значение	the data that is stored inside a variable
type	A1	тип	a kind or sort of something
syntax	B2	синтаксис	the rules for how words are put together in a language
algorithm	B2	алгоритм	a set of rules followed to solve a problem step by step
logic	B1	логика	way of thinking that follows clear rules
operator	B1	оператор	a symbol used to perform an action on values
constant	B1	константа	a value in a program that never changes
input	B1	ввод, входные данные	information or ideas you put into something
output	B1	вывод, выходные данные	information that a computer program produces
interface	B2	интерфейс	point where two systems or people meet and work together
abstraction	C1	абстракция	a simple way of hiding complicated details in a program
scope	B1	область видимости	range of what something covers or deals with
callback	B2	обратный вызов	a piece of code that runs after another task finishes
asynchronous	B2	асинхронный	not happening at the same time
synchronous	B2	синхронный	happening at the same time

Процесс разработки · 25

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
develop	B1	разрабатывать	to grow or make something better over time
developer	B1	разработчик	a person who builds or creates something
programmer	B2	программист	a person who writes instructions for computers
engineer	A2	инженер	a person who plans and builds computer programs
coding	B1	написание кода, программирование	writing instructions for a computer
debugging	B2	отладка	finding and fixing problems in a computer
bug	A2	баг, ошибка	a small insect or a problem in a computer
error	A2	ошибка	something wrong, a mistake
fix	A1	исправлять, исправление	to make something broken work again
testing	B2	тестирование	checking that a computer program works correctly
deploy	B2	развёртывать, выкатывать	to make a new version of a program available to people
release	B1	релиз, выпуск	a new version of a program made available to people
build	A1	сборка, собирать	to make something by putting parts together
compile	B2	компилировать	to turn program code into a form a computer can run
compiler	B2	компилятор	a program that turns code into a form a computer can run
runtime	B2	время выполнения	the time when a computer program is running
review	B1	ревью, проверка	a check of someone's work before it is accepted
code review	B1	код-ревью	the process of checking someone else's code for mistakes
merge	B1	сливать, мержить	to join together into one
branch	A2	ветка	a separate copy of a project's code where changes can be made safely
version control	B1	контроль версий	a system that saves and tracks changes made to files
agile	B2	гибкий, аджайл	describing work done in short flexible stages
requirement	B1	требование	something you must have or do
specification	C1	спецификация	detailed plan of how something should be made
documentation	B2	документация	official papers or written instructions

Веб-разработка · 18

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
component	B1	компонент	one part of a bigger thing
module	B1	модуль	one part of a bigger course or system
package	B1	пакет	a set of code files you can add to a project
dependency	B2	зависимость	another piece of code that a program needs to work
request	B1	запрос	a message asking a computer for something
response	B1	ответ	an answer to something said or done
route	B1	маршрут	way from one place to another
routing	B2	маршрутизация	sending something along a chosen path
navigation	B1	навигация	the act of finding your way from place to place
layout	C1	разметка, макет	way things are arranged in a space or on a page
template	B2	шаблон	a pattern or guide used to make something
stylesheet	B1	таблица стилей	set of rules for how a page should look
responsive	B2	адаптивный	able to change and fit different screen sizes
mobile	A2	мобильный	relating to phones and other small devices you carry
desktop	A2	настольный	relating to a large computer used for work, not a phone
cross-platform	B2	кроссплатформенный	working on different types of computers or systems
domain	B2	домен	an area of knowledge or control, or a web address
caching	B2	кэширование	storing information so it can be found quickly later

Данные и хранение · 18

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
row	A2	строка таблицы, ряд	one line of information in a table
column	B1	столбец	a vertical line of information in a table
record	A2	запись	a piece of information saved as one item in a table
field	A1	поле	one part of a form or table that stores a piece of information
query	B1	запрос к базе данных	question about something
backup	B1	резервная копия	extra copy kept in case something goes wrong
restore	B1	восстанавливать	to bring back to how it was before
storage	B1	хранилище	keeping things in a place until needed
cloud	A1	облако	a place where your computer things are kept for you, not on your computer
local	A2	локальный	stored on your own device, not online
remote	B1	удалённый	reached over a network, not on your own device
sync	B1	синхронизировать	to update data so it stays the same everywhere
import	B1	импортировать, импорт	to bring data into a program from somewhere else
export	B1	экспортировать, экспорт	to send data out of a program to use elsewhere
encrypt	B2	шифровать	change data into a secret code for safety
decrypt	B2	расшифровывать	to change a secret code back into clear words
compression	B2	сжатие	pressing something into a smaller space
format	B1	формат	way something is set up or arranged

UI/UX дизайн · 33

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
design	B1	дизайн	a plan for how something looks and works
button	A1	кнопка	a small object you press to make something happen
icon	B1	иконка	a small picture used to represent a program
toolbar	B2	панель инструментов	a row of buttons on a computer screen
sidebar	B2	боковая панель	extra information shown at the side of a page
header	B2	заголовок, шапка	hitting a ball with your head, or text at the top of a page
footer	B2	подвал, футер	information shown at the bottom of a page
modal	B1	модальное окно	a small window that pops up on top of the page
popup	B1	всплывающее окно	window or thing that appears suddenly
tooltip	B1	подсказка	small message that appears when you point at something
notification	B1	уведомление	official message telling about something
alert	B1	оповещение	a message that warns you about something important
form	A2	форма	a shape or a paper with spaces to write in
checkbox	B1	флажок	small square you mark with a tick
dropdown	B1	выпадающий список	list that opens down when you click on it
slider	B2	слайдер	thing that moves smoothly along a track
toggle	B2	переключатель	a small switch, or to change between two states
scroll	B2	прокручивать, скроллить	to move text up or down on a screen
tap	A2	касание	a quick touch on a screen with a finger
swipe	B2	свайпать, провести пальцем	to move your finger across a screen, or to hit
gesture	B1	жест	movement of hand or body to show meaning
animation	B1	анимация	pictures made to seem to move
transition	B1	переход	a change from one thing to another
loading	B1	загрузка	a page or app getting ready to show its content
spinner	C1	индикатор загрузки	a small turning circle that shows the app is still loading
placeholder	B2	заполнитель	something that fills a space until replaced
theme	B1	тема	a set of colors and styles used in an app
dark mode	B1	тёмная тема	screen setting with dark colors to help eyes
accessibility	B2	доступность	how easy it is for everyone to use or reach something
usability	C1	удобство использования	how easy something is to use
wireframe	B2	каркас, вайрфрейм	a simple drawing showing the basic shape of something
prototype	B2	прототип	the first model of something before many are made
mockup	B2	макет	simple model of something not yet finished

DevOps и инструменты · 20

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
command	B1	команда	an instruction typed for a computer to carry out
console	B1	консоль	a screen used to type commands and control a computer program
script	B1	скрипт	a short computer program that performs a task automatically
automation	B2	автоматизация	use of machines to do work without human help
pipeline	B2	пайплайн, конвейер	a series of automated steps that build and deliver software
environment	B1	окружение, среда	the place on a computer where a program runs
production	B1	продакшн	the live system that real users use
staging	B2	стейджинг	a test system that copies the live one before release
monitoring	B1	мониторинг	watching and checking something over time
logging	B2	логирование	the recording of events that happen in a computer system
debug	B2	отлаживать	to find and fix problems in a machine or code
trace	B1	трассировка	a record of the steps a program follows while running
performance	B1	производительность	how well and quickly a computer system works
load balancing	B2	балансировка нагрузки	sharing work equally between systems
latency	B2	задержка	time between an action and its result
throughput	C1	пропускная способность	amount of work done or material processed in time
downtime	C1	время простоя	time when a computer system is not working
uptime	C1	время работы	time when a system or machine is working
incident	B1	инцидент	event, usually bad or unusual
rollback	B2	откат	a return of a system to an earlier version after a problem

Частые глаголы · 20

Слово	Уровень	Перевод	Определение
implement	B1	реализовывать	to put a plan into action
execute	B2	выполнять	to run a computer program
initialize	C1	инициализировать	to set up or prepare for first use
validate	C1	валидировать	to prove that something is true or correct
fetch	B1	получать, загружать	to get data from another place, like the internet
submit	B1	отправлять	to give something to someone to look at
delete	B1	удалять	to remove something, usually from a computer
create	B1	создавать	to make something new
edit	A2	редактировать	to change and fix a piece of writing or video
modify	B1	изменять	to change something a little
configure	B2	настраивать	to set up or arrange parts for use
integrate	B1	интегрировать	to bring different things together as one
optimize	B2	оптимизировать	to make something work as well as possible
scale	B1	масштабировать	to increase how much work a system can handle
migrate	B2	мигрировать	to move data from one system to another
iterate	C1	итерировать	to repeat the same steps many times, often improving each time
replicate	C1	реплицировать	to make an exact copy of something
override	C1	переопределять	to replace an existing function with a new one
extend	B1	расширять	to make longer or bigger
inherit	B1	наследовать	to get features from another class in a program

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