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Từ vựng kỹ thuật cho phát triển phần mềm

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Khái niệm cơ bản · 28

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
code	A2	mã	instructions written for a computer program
program	A2	chương trình	a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do
software	B1	phần mềm	programs that make a computer work
hardware	B1	phần cứng	the physical parts of a computer, or metal tools
computer	A1	máy tính	a machine that stores and works with information
data	B1	dữ liệu	facts and information, often in numbers
file	A2	tệp	a document kept on a computer
folder	A2	thư mục	cover used to keep papers together
application	B1	ứng dụng	a computer program made to do a certain task
app	A1	ứng dụng	a small thing on your phone or computer you can use
website	A2	trang web	set of pages on the internet
browser	B1	trình duyệt	program for looking at the internet
server	B1	máy chủ	a person who brings food or a computer that stores data
client	B1	máy khách	a computer that asks another computer for information
database	B2	cơ sở dữ liệu	a large organised collection of information on a computer
network	B1	mạng	a group of things or people connected together
internet	A2	internet	system that lets computers share information
download	A2	tải xuống	to get a file from the internet to your device
upload	B1	tải lên	to send a file from your computer to the internet
install	A2	cài đặt	to put something new in place and make it work
update	B1	cập nhật	to change something to make it more modern and complete
version	B1	phiên bản	one form of something that may be different
feature	B1	tính năng	important or interesting part of something
user	B1	người dùng	a person who uses something
password	B1	mật khẩu	secret word that lets you use something
login	A2	đăng nhập	act of entering a computer system
logout	A2	đăng xuất	the act of leaving a computer program or system
account	B1	tài khoản	a personal profile used to log into a website

Thuật ngữ lập trình · 31

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
variable	B1	biến	a name that stores a value that can change
function	B1	hàm	a named piece of code that performs a task
method	B1	phương thức	way of doing something
class	A1	lớp	a plan for making many things of the same kind in a computer
object	B1	đối tượng	a thing in a program that has data and actions
array	B1	mảng	an ordered list of values stored under one name
string	A2	chuỗi	a piece of text made of characters used in a program
integer	B2	số nguyên	whole number that is not a fraction
boolean	B1	boolean	type that can only be true or false
loop	B1	vòng lặp	a set of instructions that repeats many times in a program
condition	B1	điều kiện	a test that decides whether part of a program runs
statement	B1	câu lệnh	a single instruction in a program that performs an action
expression	A2	biểu thức	a group of values and symbols in code that give a result
parameter	C1	tham số	rule or limit that controls how something is done
argument	A2	đối số	a value passed into a part of a program to be used
return	A2	trả về	to send a value back from a piece of code
value	B1	giá trị	the data that is stored inside a variable
type	A1	kiểu	a kind or sort of something
syntax	B2	cú pháp	the rules for how words are put together in a language
algorithm	B2	thuật toán	a set of rules followed to solve a problem step by step
logic	B1	logic	way of thinking that follows clear rules
operator	B1	toán tử	a symbol used to perform an action on values
constant	B1	hằng số	a value in a program that never changes
input	B1	đầu vào	information or ideas you put into something
output	B1	đầu ra	information that a computer program produces
interface	B2	giao diện	point where two systems or people meet and work together
abstraction	C1	trừu tượng hóa	a simple way of hiding complicated details in a program
scope	B1	phạm vi	range of what something covers or deals with
callback	B2	hàm gọi lại	a piece of code that runs after another task finishes
asynchronous	B2	bất đồng bộ	not happening at the same time
synchronous	B2	đồng bộ	happening at the same time

Quy trình phát triển · 25

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
develop	B1	phát triển	to grow or make something better over time
developer	B1	nhà phát triển	a person who builds or creates something
programmer	B2	lập trình viên	a person who writes instructions for computers
engineer	A2	kỹ sư	a person who plans and builds computer programs
coding	B1	lập trình	writing instructions for a computer
debugging	B2	gỡ lỗi	finding and fixing problems in a computer
bug	A2	bug, lỗi phần mềm	a small insect or a problem in a computer
error	A2	lỗi	something wrong, a mistake
fix	A1	sửa lỗi	to make something broken work again
testing	B2	kiểm thử	checking that a computer program works correctly
deploy	B2	deploy, triển khai	to make a new version of a program available to people
release	B1	bản phát hành	a new version of a program made available to people
build	A1	build, bản dựng	to make something by putting parts together
compile	B2	biên dịch	to turn program code into a form a computer can run
compiler	B2	trình biên dịch	a program that turns code into a form a computer can run
runtime	B2	thời gian chạy	the time when a computer program is running
review	B1	đánh giá, xem xét	a check of someone's work before it is accepted
code review	B1	đánh giá mã nguồn	the process of checking someone else's code for mistakes
merge	B1	hợp nhất	to join together into one
branch	A2	nhánh	a separate copy of a project's code where changes can be made safely
version control	B1	quản lý phiên bản	a system that saves and tracks changes made to files
agile	B2	linh hoạt, agile	describing work done in short flexible stages
requirement	B1	yêu cầu kỹ thuật, điều kiện	something you must have or do
specification	C1	đặc tả	detailed plan of how something should be made
documentation	B2	tài liệu	official papers or written instructions

Phát triển web · 18

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
component	B1	thành phần	one part of a bigger thing
module	B1	mô-đun	one part of a bigger course or system
package	B1	gói	a set of code files you can add to a project
dependency	B2	phụ thuộc	another piece of code that a program needs to work
request	B1	yêu cầu	a message asking a computer for something
response	B1	phản hồi	an answer to something said or done
route	B1	tuyến đường, route	way from one place to another
routing	B2	định tuyến	sending something along a chosen path
navigation	B1	điều hướng	the act of finding your way from place to place
layout	C1	bố cục	way things are arranged in a space or on a page
template	B2	mẫu	a pattern or guide used to make something
stylesheet	B1	bảng định kiểu	set of rules for how a page should look
responsive	B2	tương thích, responsive	able to change and fit different screen sizes
mobile	A2	di động	relating to phones and other small devices you carry
desktop	A2	máy tính để bàn	relating to a large computer used for work, not a phone
cross-platform	B2	đa nền tảng	working on different types of computers or systems
domain	B2	tên miền	an area of knowledge or control, or a web address
caching	B2	lưu bộ nhớ đệm	storing information so it can be found quickly later

Dữ liệu & lưu trữ · 18

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
row	A2	hàng	one line of information in a table
column	B1	cột	a vertical line of information in a table
record	A2	bản ghi	a piece of information saved as one item in a table
field	A1	trường	one part of a form or table that stores a piece of information
query	B1	truy vấn	question about something
backup	B1	sao lưu	extra copy kept in case something goes wrong
restore	B1	khôi phục	to bring back to how it was before
storage	B1	lưu trữ	keeping things in a place until needed
cloud	A1	đám mây	a place where your computer things are kept for you, not on your computer
local	A2	cục bộ	stored on your own device, not online
remote	B1	từ xa	reached over a network, not on your own device
sync	B1	đồng bộ hóa	to update data so it stays the same everywhere
import	B1	nhập	to bring data into a program from somewhere else
export	B1	xuất	to send data out of a program to use elsewhere
encrypt	B2	mã hóa	change data into a secret code for safety
decrypt	B2	giải mã	to change a secret code back into clear words
compression	B2	nén	pressing something into a smaller space
format	B1	định dạng	way something is set up or arranged

Thiết kế UI/UX · 33

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
design	B1	thiết kế	a plan for how something looks and works
button	A1	nút	a small object you press to make something happen
icon	B1	biểu tượng	a small picture used to represent a program
toolbar	B2	thanh công cụ	a row of buttons on a computer screen
sidebar	B2	thanh bên	extra information shown at the side of a page
header	B2	tiêu đề	hitting a ball with your head, or text at the top of a page
footer	B2	chân trang	information shown at the bottom of a page
modal	B1	cửa sổ modal	a small window that pops up on top of the page
popup	B1	cửa sổ bật lên	window or thing that appears suddenly
tooltip	B1	chú giải công cụ, tooltip	small message that appears when you point at something
notification	B1	thông báo	official message telling about something
alert	B1	cảnh báo	a message that warns you about something important
form	A2	biểu mẫu	a shape or a paper with spaces to write in
checkbox	B1	hộp kiểm	small square you mark with a tick
dropdown	B1	danh sách thả xuống	list that opens down when you click on it
slider	B2	thanh trượt	thing that moves smoothly along a track
toggle	B2	nút chuyển	a small switch, or to change between two states
scroll	B2	cuộn	to move text up or down on a screen
tap	A2	chạm	a quick touch on a screen with a finger
swipe	B2	vuốt	to move your finger across a screen, or to hit
gesture	B1	cử chỉ	movement of hand or body to show meaning
animation	B1	hoạt ảnh	pictures made to seem to move
transition	B1	chuyển tiếp	a change from one thing to another
loading	B1	đang tải	a page or app getting ready to show its content
spinner	C1	vòng xoay tải	a small turning circle that shows the app is still loading
placeholder	B2	chỗ giữ chỗ	something that fills a space until replaced
theme	B1	chủ đề, theme	a set of colors and styles used in an app
dark mode	B1	chế độ tối	screen setting with dark colors to help eyes
accessibility	B2	khả năng truy cập	how easy it is for everyone to use or reach something
usability	C1	tính khả dụng	how easy something is to use
wireframe	B2	wireframe, khung giao diện	a simple drawing showing the basic shape of something
prototype	B2	nguyên mẫu	the first model of something before many are made
mockup	B2	bản mẫu	simple model of something not yet finished

DevOps & công cụ · 20

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
command	B1	lệnh	an instruction typed for a computer to carry out
console	B1	console, bảng điều khiển	a screen used to type commands and control a computer program
script	B1	script, tập lệnh	a short computer program that performs a task automatically
automation	B2	tự động hóa	use of machines to do work without human help
pipeline	B2	pipeline, quy trình tự động	a series of automated steps that build and deliver software
environment	B1	môi trường	the place on a computer where a program runs
production	B1	môi trường thực	the live system that real users use
staging	B2	môi trường thử	a test system that copies the live one before release
monitoring	B1	giám sát	watching and checking something over time
logging	B2	ghi log	the recording of events that happen in a computer system
debug	B2	debug, gỡ lỗi	to find and fix problems in a machine or code
trace	B1	truy vết	a record of the steps a program follows while running
performance	B1	hiệu suất	how well and quickly a computer system works
load balancing	B2	cân bằng tải	sharing work equally between systems
latency	B2	độ trễ	time between an action and its result
throughput	C1	thông lượng	amount of work done or material processed in time
downtime	C1	thời gian ngừng	time when a computer system is not working
uptime	C1	thời gian hoạt động	time when a system or machine is working
incident	B1	sự cố	event, usually bad or unusual
rollback	B2	rollback, khôi phục phiên bản cũ	a return of a system to an earlier version after a problem

Động từ thông dụng · 20

Từ	Cấp độ	Bản dịch	Định nghĩa
implement	B1	triển khai	to put a plan into action
execute	B2	thực thi	to run a computer program
initialize	C1	khởi tạo	to set up or prepare for first use
validate	C1	xác thực	to prove that something is true or correct
fetch	B1	tải về	to get data from another place, like the internet
submit	B1	gửi	to give something to someone to look at
delete	B1	xóa	to remove something, usually from a computer
create	B1	tạo	to make something new
edit	A2	chỉnh sửa	to change and fix a piece of writing or video
modify	B1	sửa đổi	to change something a little
configure	B2	cấu hình	to set up or arrange parts for use
integrate	B1	tích hợp	to bring different things together as one
optimize	B2	tối ưu hóa	to make something work as well as possible
scale	B1	mở rộng quy mô	to increase how much work a system can handle
migrate	B2	di chuyển	to move data from one system to another
iterate	C1	lặp	to repeat the same steps many times, often improving each time
replicate	C1	sao chép	to make an exact copy of something
override	C1	ghi đè	to replace an existing function with a new one
extend	B1	mở rộng	to make longer or bigger
inherit	B1	kế thừa	to get features from another class in a program

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